Evolution: Improbable or Impossible? Is God's Existence Logical, Part II
By COGwriter
Just how solid is the foundation of the theory of evolution? Is it based on improbabilities as its critics suggest and some supporters admit, or is it absolutely impossible? Is God's existence more logical?
The Bible teaches:
21 Prove all things; hold fast that which is good. (1 Thessalonians 5:21,
KJV)
So, can aspects of God's existence be proven or is evolution a more logical conclusion? This article will provide information to assist those interested in the truth prove which is more logical.
Probabilities or Impossibilities?
Some who claim evolution is improbable point out the fact that various amino acids (which always occur 50:50 in nature in the levo and dextro forms) must have for some unknown reason, only congregated in the levo forms which are the only forms in living proteins.
These would then have had to line up in liquid in a particular sequence for certain proteins, including genes, to be produced. This improbability has been estimated to be so high that it could not have been expected to happen by chance (also, even having amino acids in sequence would not cause them to form the necessary proteins without some type of external catalyst).
On the other hand, some supporters of evolution point out the belief that since there are vast numbers of stars, and probably several planets per star, there are enough possible random sequences to overwhelm the probability in favor of such improbable occurrences.
One version of this theory, embraced by some who believe aliens inhabit other planets, is known as the Drake Equation. Of course, those who make this argument must realize that the probability of any planet other than Earth having what it takes to support life is remote (the Drake Equation, which was developed based on assumptions in the 1960s, seemingly vastly overstates the number of apparently suitable planets). However, even supporters of that have noticed a problem known as Fermi's paradox. The Fermi paradox "is the apparent contradiction between high estimates of the probability of the existence of extraterrestrial civilization and humanity's lack of contact with, or evidence for, such civilizations" (Wikipedia, viewed 09/03/14)--so this is known to be a problem for supporters of the Drake Equation. But despite this, the supporters of the Drake Equation tend to point to evolution as at least a possibility.
Thus, in debates about origins, both sides tend to argue that the laws of probability support their position.
Notice also the following:
Science Increasingly Makes the Case for God
December 29, 2014
In 1966 … the astronomer Carl Sagan announced that there were two important criteria for a planet to support life: The right kind of star, and a planet the right distance from that star. Given the roughly octillion—1 followed by 24 zeros—planets in the universe, there should have been about septillion—1 followed by 21 zeros—planets capable of supporting life.
With such spectacular odds, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, a large, expensive collection of private and publicly funded projects launched in the 1960s, was sure to turn up something soon. Scientists listened with a vast radio telescopic network for signals that resembled coded intelligence and were not merely random. But as years passed, the silence from the rest of the universe was deafening. Congress defunded SETI in 1993, but the search continues with private funds. As of 2014, researches have discovered precisely bubkis—0 followed by nothing.
What happened? As our knowledge of the universe increased, it became clear that there were far more factors necessary for life than Sagan supposed. His two parameters grew to 10 and then 20 and then 50, and so the number of potentially life-supporting planets decreased accordingly. The number dropped to a few thousand planets and kept on plummeting.
Even SETI proponents acknowledged the problem. Peter Schenkel wrote in a 2006 piece for Skeptical Inquirer magazine: “In light of new findings and insights, it seems appropriate to put excessive euphoria to rest . . . . We should quietly admit that the early estimates . . . may no longer be tenable.”
As factors continued to be discovered, the number of possible planets hit zero, and kept going. In other words, the odds turned against any planet in the universe supporting life, including this one. Probability said that even we shouldn’t be here.
Today there are more than 200 known parameters necessary for a planet to support life—every single one of which must be perfectly met, or the whole thing falls apart. Without a massive planet like Jupiter nearby, whose gravity will draw away asteroids, a thousand times as many would hit Earth’s surface. The odds against life in the universe are simply astonishing.
Yet here we are, not only existing, but talking about existing. What can account for it? Can every one of those many parameters have been perfect by accident? At what point is it fair to admit that science suggests that we cannot be the result of random forces? Doesn’t assuming that an intelligence created these perfect conditions require far less faith than believing that a life-sustaining Earth just happened to beat the inconceivable odds to come into being?
There’s more. The fine-tuning necessary for life to exist on a planet is nothing compared with the fine-tuning required for the universe to exist at all. For example, astrophysicists now know that the values of the four fundamental forces—gravity, the electromagnetic force, and the “strong” and “weak” nuclear forces—were determined less than one millionth of a second after the big bang. Alter any one value and the universe could not exist. For instance, if the ratio between the nuclear strong force and the electromagnetic force had been off by the tiniest fraction of the tiniest fraction—by even one part in 100,000,000,000,000,000—then no stars could have ever formed at all. Feel free to gulp.
Multiply that single parameter by all the other necessary conditions, and the odds against the universe existing are so heart-stoppingly astronomical that the notion that it all “just happened” defies common sense. It would be like tossing a coin and having it come up heads 10 quintillion times in a row. Really?
Fred Hoyle, the astronomer who coined the term “big bang,” said that his atheism was “greatly shaken” at these developments. He later wrote that “a common-sense interpretation of the facts suggests that a super-intellect has monkeyed with the physics, as well as with chemistry and biology . . . . The numbers one calculates from the facts seem to me so overwhelming as to put this conclusion almost beyond question.”
Theoretical physicist Paul Davies has said that “the appearance of design is overwhelming” and Oxford professor Dr. John Lennox has said “the more we get to know about our universe, the more the hypothesis that there is a Creator . . . gains in credibility as the best explanation of why we are here.” …
Eric Metaxas http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/coffeeroom/topic/science-increasingly-makes-the-case-for-god
Evolution is not even improbable. As the origin of life it is impossible.
Are Functional Computers the Result of Random Chance?
It has been argued that the fact that there is natural law, design, and order in the universe, this proves that there was a law giver, designer, and order maker in the universe.
Before looking a living systems, let's first consider computers.
Does anyone really think that functional laptop computers, for example, randomly have appeared anywhere in the universe, and when they did, they appeared with software on them and electricity to run them?
If you show almost anyone a functional laptop computer and ask, "Do you believe that someone made this or that it just appeared?" When I asked someone that specific specific question about the laptop I wrote this article on, she gave me a puzzled look like perhaps I meant something else as this did not seem to be logical to her. She then said that she felt that someone had to have made the laptop and that it did not randomly form. And that is what pretty much everyone would say. With a laptop computer, we could consider that the hardware is sort of like protein, the software sort of like DNA, and the battery sort of like for for living organisms,. Could laptop computers just appear randomly with hardware, software, and electricity?
No thinking person would conclude that it did. If a functional laptop (or something like that) was found on Mars or elsewhere, people would logicially conclude that it must have been made by some intelligent being.
Yet many seem to feel that life, which is so much more complicated even at the cellular level, randomly formed and it randomly came alive. This is illogical to believe, though many who consider themselves educated claim to believe it none-the-less.
Does a functional creation require a Creator? Notice some of what the Bible teaches on this subject:
19 Because what may be known of God is manifest in them, for God has shown it to them. 20 For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse, 21 because, although they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God, nor were thankful, but became futile in their thoughts, and their foolish hearts were darkened. 22 Professing to be wise, they became fools NKJV (Romans 1:19-22, NKJV throughout except as otherwise noted).
Similarly I Corinthians says,
Where is the wise? Where is the scribe? Where is the disputer of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of this world?...But God has chosen the foolish things of the world to put to shame the wise, and God has chosen the weak things of the world to put to shame the things which are mighty (1:20,27).
God has designed the universe and the life within it. It is not wise or logical to believe otherwise.
What about Life?
Getting back to the probability and improbabilities arguments, if it is granted that the necessary chain of amino acids randomly exist and come together, what will occur?
Why nothing, because amino acids of themselves are not alive. Furthermore, they would also have to have lined up with the occurrences of various other biological materials such as lipids and carbohydrates, and that also combined at the correct time. But that still would not make anything alive.
Instead of accepting this reality, hard-line evolutionists then claim that it was possible that there was some change in the atmospheric conditions of the Earth (or some other planet whose life somehow ended up on Earth) that allowed the non-living to somehow come alive. While true scientists do not doubt that there have been different atmospheric conditions on Earth throughout its history, there is no scientific proof that any atmospheric condition could cause non-living matter to become even a primitive live cell (and the available evidence suggests that the Earth has not had the type of atmospheric conditions to cause non-living matter to come alive).
Actually it is impossible for the non-living to become alive as it violates the scientifically accepted law of biogenesis (life only comes from life). But some so-called scientists have decided that they must disregard this--the Bible warns of "science, falsely so-called' (1 Timothy 6:62, KJV).
A Series of Impossibilities Should Lead One to Realize the Existence of God
The Bible teaches it is:
13. . .
God who gives life to all things (1 Timothy 6:13).
But many evolutionists will not allow for that, they believe that life spontaneously appeared.
Even if we allow the possibility of spontaneous primitive life to have occurred, what would happen?
The primitive life would have to die.
Part of the reason for this is that even a single-cell is so complex, and so full of various biological subsystems, that scientists have learned that many systems are essentially necessary for life to exist or continue. Science recognizes that living organisms must be self-contained, eat, digest, and reproduce to continue to exist.
There are basically two type of cells, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are mainly bacteria, and eukaryotes almost everything else. They both have membranes, ribosomes, digestive abilities, and DNA containing nucleoids (primitive nuclei). Eukaryotes contain 21 amino acids, and they all need to be in the right places and in the right proportions for life to exist.
Spontaneously alive lined-up amino acids/proteins (with other substances coincidentally there) would die because:
1) All living organisms need biological structures such as organelles and membranes. Within the membranes they contain intracellular water-soluble components. Without a membranous structure, the proteins would ultimately diffuse and destroy the living organism. Living organism must be somewhat self-contained.
2) All living organisms need nourishment and direction. Since randomness would not have created the biological structure known as a DNA-containing nucleus (or some primitive equivalent like a nucleoid), the cell would die. Even if it had some type of nucleus to provide direction, the nucleus would have to have come into existence with ability to determine what to eat and how to find food, another impossibility.
3) Proteins cannot survive without DNA and DNA cannot exist without proteins, hence there is no way both happened at the same time.
4) Even if the cell had all the above with simultaneous protein and DNA, it would die, because there would have been no reason for it to have spontaneously generated a digestive system in order to utilize the food.
5) Even if evolutionists are granted all the improbabilities and impossibilities this article discusses, the primitive life would quickly die out as there would have been no reason for it to have spontaneously generated an ability to reproduce, nor would it have any innate ability to do so.
Let's look at this is a slightly different way:
- If all the amino acids were to align (as improbable as it would be), it will not become alive. So that step is impossible.
- If this primitive cell were to somehow become alive, it would die. Why? Because cells contain intracellular water-soluble components, and it is a fact of physics that water-soluble components will dissipate/destruct without a membrane. Thus, going beyond this step is impossible.
- If this cell did have a membrane, what would happen next? It would die. Why? Because it would not have the innate ability to deduce that it needed to eat as it did not form with a nucleus or nucleoid. The nucleus/nucleoid is the part of the cell that contains DNA and other instructions.
- Presuming it is in liquid and it runs into food, what will happen? Yes, it will die. Why? Because it was not randomly formed with digestive ability, it will not be able to digest and utilize the food. Thus, going beyond this step is impossible.
- Presuming it was randomly formed with a nucleus and digestive abilities, what will happen? It will die out. Why, because it would also have had to be randomly formed with the instructions that it needed to be able to reproduce as well as the ability to do so. Evolution as the origin of life is not just improbable, it is impossible.
It is in the Bible that we are told that when God made life He intended it to reproduce (Genesis 1:11,28,29).
The idea of an 'intelligent design' by a Spirit being is the only explanation that does not defy scientifically provable knowledge--for all other explanations result in something that must die out.
Proteins cannot of themselves reproduce--they need DNA. "DNA cannot exist without proteins, and proteins cannot exist without DNA" (Pietzsch J. Understanding the RNAissance. c. 2003. http://www.nature.com/horizon/rna/background/understanding.html viewed 05/05/12). DNA can basically do nothing of itself, it needs proteins. Does any scientifically rational person actually believe that they randomly developed and got together at the same time for life as we know it to exist without Divine intervention?
The answer should be obvious. No.
By the way, as mentioned before, God expects humans to realize that He exists through various aspects of His creation (Romans 1:20).
Thus since life could not have randomly sprung forth, eaten, and reproduced, only a different type of entity (God) could have caused it to begin. Here is a link to a YouTube video titled Quickly Disprove Evolution as the Origin of Life and one to a longer sermon titled Is it logical to believe in God?
Charles Darwin Admitted that Details Could "Absolutely Break Down" His Theory
It may be of interest to note that Charles Darwin, the human credited for the so-called scientific development of the theory of evolution (and to be technical, evolution is a model and not a scientific theory), wrote the following in his book The Origin of the Species:
If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down (Darwin C. The Origin of Species. In Chapter 6, Difficulties on Theory. Cricket House Books LLC, 2010, p. 124).
And although he did not believe that was demonstrated to his satisfaction when he wrote that, the truth is that cellular life was simply much more complex than he at that time realized.
Thus, even Charles Robert Darwin's writings contain an admission that he understood that additional complexity would disprove his theory (perhaps it should be noted that the discovery of DNA would seem to qualify as sufficient complexity that he was unaware of). Of course, scientists know that random amino acids also do not come with DNA. And while this was not known at Darwin's time, this is known now.
As far as DNA goes, notice the following:
July 25, 2020
DNA is millions of times more efficient at storing data than your laptop's magnetic hard drive. Since DNA can store data far more densely than silicon, you could squeeze all of the data in the world inside just a few grams of it. https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a33327626/scientists-encoded-wizard-of-oz-in-dna/
There is no way something that complex evolved without instruction.
Darwin himself seemed to acknowledge that life could not have started on its own. He seemed to, some degree, rely on the biblical account in the Book of Genesis as he wrote:
There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one (The Origin Of Species By Charles Darwin, 2nd and subsequent editions).
Thus, apparently Darwin recognized the impossibility of life starting on its own without a Creator (God). His statement seems to have been a reference to the following:
7 And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being. (Genesis 2:7)
Charles Darwin acknowledged what modern evolutionists do not.
Certain Scientists Have Protested Darwin's Flaws
A group of scientists signed a declaration that Darwinian evolutionary concepts are flawed:
Skepticism About Darwinian Evolution Grows as 1,000+ Scientists Share Their Doubts
February 4, 2019
Over 1,000 doctoral scientists from around the world have signed a statement publicly expressing their skepticism about the contemporary theory of Darwinian evolution. The statement, located online at dissentfromdarwin.org, reads: “We are skeptical of claims for the ability of random mutation and natural selection to account for the complexity of life. Careful examination of the evidence for Darwinian theory should be encouraged.”
“Because no scientist can show how Darwin’s mechanism can produce the complexity of life, every scientist should be skeptical,” said biologist Douglas Axe, director of Biologic Institute. “The fact that most won’t admit to this exposes the unhealthy effect of peer pressure on scientific discourse.”
False Statements About Darwinian Evolution
Discovery Institute first published its Scientific Dissent from Darwinism list in in The New York Review of Books in 2001 to challenge false statements about Darwinian evolution made in PBS’s series Evolution. Promoters of the series, among others, claimed that “virtually every scientist in the world believes the theory to be true.” https://evolutionnews.org/2019/02/skepticism-about-darwinian-evolution-grows-as-1000-scientists-share-their-doubts/
Here is something from the website dissentfromdarwin.org:
Sign the List
Signatories of the Scientific Dissent From Darwinism must either hold a Ph.D. in a scientific field such as biology, chemistry, mathematics, engineering, computer science, or one of the other natural sciences; or they must hold an M.D. and serve as a professor of medicine. Signatories must also agree with the following statement:
“We are skeptical of claims for the ability of random mutation and natural selection to account for the complexity of life. Careful examination of the evidence for Darwinian theory should be encouraged.”
If you meet these criteria, please consider signing the statement by emailing contact@dissentfromdarwin.org.
In our experience, expressing dissent from Darwinism can generate controversy and be unsafe, especially for those who haven’t earned tenure. If you have not received tenure, you may want to consider carefully whether you should sign.
The fear of losing tenure or being censured has stopped many scientists from going public against the unscientific Darwinian evolutionary model.
Anyway, since I qualify to sign the dissent document, I decided to do so in February 2019–essentially adding my name to a scientific paper, pleading that evolutionary flaws be exposed. FWIW, I have had numerous papers published in scientific journals over the past three decades. If enough scientists will sign this challenge Darwinism document, then perhaps academia will stop insisting that evolution is true and the only view of the origin of life that should be taught.
Evolution is seriously flawed as can also be seen from our online animation: A Lifegiver or Spontaneous Evolution?
Even non-creationist scientists see flaws:
Evolutionists Against Darwinism
“A 2005 poll by the Louis Finkelstein Institute for Social and Religious Research found that 60% of American medical doctors reject Darwinism, stating that they do not believe humans evolved through natural processes alone. Thirty-eight percent of the American medical doctors polled agreed with the statement that ‘Humans evolved naturally with no supernatural involvement.’ The study also reported that 1/3 of all medical doctors favor the theory of intelligent design over evolution. ... The prestigious journal Science reported the following in 2006 concerning the United States: ‘The percentage of people in the country who accept the idea of evolution has declined from 45 in 1985 to 40 in 2005. Meanwhile the fraction of Americans unsure about evolution has soared from 7 per cent in 1985 to 21 per cent last year.’ In January 2006, the BBC reported concerning Britain: ‘Just under half of Britons accept the theory of evolution as the best description for the development of life, according to an opinion poll. Furthermore, more than 40% of those questioned believe that creationism or intelligent design (ID) should be taught in school science lessons’” (“Evolution,” Conservapedia).
The following scientists do not hold to biblical creationism. In fact, some of them are strongly opposed to creationism. ...
Michael Behe, Ph.D. in biology from the University of Pennsylvania ... “Over the past four decades modern biochemistry has uncovered the secrets of the cell. The progress has been hard won. It has required tens of thousands of people to dedicate the better parts of their lives to the tedious work of the laboratory. ... The result of these cumulative efforts to investigate the cell--to investigate life at the molecular level--is a loud, clear, piercing cry of ‘design!’ The result is so unambiguous and so significant that it must be ranked as one of the greatest achievements in the history of science. ... “This triumph of science should evoke cries of ‘Eureka!’ from ten thousands of throats, should occasion much hand-slapping and high-fiving, and perhaps even ben an excuse to take a day off. But no bottles have been uncorked, no hands slapped. Instead, a curious, embarrassed silence surrounds the stark complexity of the cell. When the subject comes up in public, feet start to shuffle, and breathing gets a bit labored. In private people are a bit more relaxed; many explicitly admit the obvious but then stare at the ground, shake their heads, and let it go at that” (Darwin’s Black Box, preface, chapter 11). ...
He makes this bold statement: “Molecular evolution is not based on scientific authority. There is no publication in the scientific literature--in prestigious journals, specialty journals, or books--that describes how molecular evolution of any real, complex, biochemical system either did occur or even might have occurred.” ...
Paleontologist Niles Eldredge: “No wonder paleontologists shied away from evolution for so long. It never seems to happen. ... Evolution cannot forever be going on somewhere else.” ... biologists Mae-Wan Ho and Peter Saunders: “... the success of the [neo-Darwinian synthesis] are limited to the minutiae of evolution, such as the adaptive change in coloration of moths; while it has remarkably little to say on the questions which interest us most, such as how there came to be moths in the first place.” ... biologist Jerry Coyne: “We conclude--unexpectedly--that there is little evidence for the neo-Darwinian view: its theoretical foundations and the experimental evidence supporting it are weak.” ... geneticist John Endler: “Although much is known about mutation, it is still largely a ‘black box’ relative to evolution. Novel biochemical functions seem to be rare in evolution, and the basis for their origin is virtually unknown.” ...
Klaus Dose: “More than 30 years of experimentation on the origin of life in the fields of chemical and molecular evolution have led to a better perception of the immensity of the problem of the origin of life on Earth rather than to its solution. At present all discussions on principal theories and experiments in the field either end in stalemate or in a confession of ignorance.”
Behe examines biology textbooks and how they deal with evolution and concludes: “Many students learn from their textbooks how to view the world through an evolutionary lens. However, they do not learn how Darwinian evolution might have produced any of the remarkably intricate biochemical systems that those texts describe.” ...
Wolf-Ekkehard Lönnig, ... told the Diplomacy Post in March 2014: ‘A scientific hypothesis should be potentially falsifiable.... However,’ he added, ‘the idea of slow evolution by 'infinitesimally small inherited variations' etc. has been falsified by the findings of palaeontology... as well [as] genetics. Yet its adherents principally reject any scientific proof against Neo-Darwinism,’ he said, ‘so that, in fact, their theory has become a non-falsifiable worldview, to which people stick in spite of all contrary evidence.’ Scientists continue to support evolution despite the evidence that actually falsified evolution because ‘without Darwinism, philosophic materialism has lost its battle against an intelligent origin of the world.’ But Wolf had more to say. ‘According to Neo-Darwinism, all important problems of the origin of species are, at least in principle, solved. Further questions on the validity of evolutionary theory are thus basically superfluous. However, such a dogmatic attitude stops further investigations and hinders fruitful research in science.’ ...
Francis Crick won the Nobel Prize ... he wrote: “An honest man, armed with all the knowledge available to us now, could only state that in some sense, the origin of life appears at the moment to be almost a miracle, so many are the conditions which would have had to have been satisfied to get it going” (p. 88). Crick rejected Darwinism by concluding that there is no scientific evidence of a “primordial soup” in which life could have risen. He also stated that the beginning of the fossil record does not show evolution. Instead, it witnesses the sudden appearance of complex creatures. 08/14/19 repost https://www.wayoflife.org/reports/evolutionists_against_darwinism.html
Evolution, as normally pushed by academia and the media is not scientific. It is a seriously flawed model that breaks apart when people are willing to honestly look at its impossibilities and assumptions.
Darwin's Denounced Those Who Made a Religion of His Origin Positions
What many do not know is that Charles Darwin disapproved of how many overly accepted his theories. And many scientists have accepted beliefs that are not highly logical.
The atheistic philosopher Karl Marx, who was an evolutionist and a contemporary of Charles Darwin, once called religion the “opium of the people.” Yet, in our day, Darwin’s theories and their successors have become the “opium,” “religion,” of many of who consider themselves to be educated alike.
Charles Darwin saw people making too much out of his writings when he was alive:
Darwin himself said: "I am in a hopeless muddle concerning the origin of things. Our ignorance of the derivation of things is very profound. I must be content to remain agnostic."
However, as he lay dying, he embraced the concept of creation. He also reflected on his life work, saying: "I was a young man with unformed ideas. I threw out queries, suggestions, wondering all the time over everything; to my astonishment the ideas took like wildfire. People made a religion out of them. (Keith B. Scopes II: The Great Debate : Creation Vs. Evolution. Huntington House, 1982, p. 47)
Sadly, many who wanted reasons NOT to believe in God pointed to his writings and claimed that they were more enlightened and/or scientific than the biblical account. They made a religion out of his theories.
Nobel Prize winner Dr. George Wald, from Harvard University, stated the following:
The reasonable view was to believe in spontaneous generation (life from nothing); the only alternative, to believe in a single, primary act of supernatural creation. There is no third position . . . One has only to contemplate the magnitude of this task to concede that the spontaneous generation of a living organism is impossible. Yet here we are, as a result I believe, of spontaneous generation. (Scott I. The God Solution: Are You Ready? Xlibris Corporation, 2013, p. 41)
This is an astounding admission. He is saying that he will choose to believe the impossible. And ‘scientists’ claim that those who believe in a Creator have blind faith with no proof!
Consider the following from the Bible:
14 Blessed are those who do His commandments, that they may have the right to the tree of life, and may enter through the gates into the city. 15 But outside are dogs and sorcerers and sexually immoral and murderers and idolaters, and whoever loves and practices a lie. (Revelation 22:14-15)
Would not professing belief in something you know is impossible be loving and believing a lie?
It rarely fails to astound me how the slightly educated can insist that evolution is scientifically accurate and why they want people to mindlessly accept such a preposterous explanation of the origins of life.
The fact is that evolution is a false religion that many cling to so that they do not bother to look into the truth about why they are on this planet nor what their life really is supposed to be about.
Religion of Academia
As a scientist, I have long known that proponents of evolution treat the subject more like a religious view than a scientific theory. This is somewhat also what the Ben Stein movie Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed revealed (see Ben Stein’s Expelled).
Notice the following:
July 30, 2019
David Gelernter, a famed Yale University professor, has publicly renounced his belief in Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, calling it a “beautiful idea” that has been effectively disproven. ...
Gelernter said an ideological bent has taken over the field of science. There are good scientists doing good work, “but we have a cautionary tale in what happened to our English departments and our history departments could happen to us, God forbid,” he said.
Gelernter said he likes many of his colleagues at Yale, that they are his friends, but when he looks at “their intellectual behavior, what they have published — and much more importantly what they tell their students — Darwinism has indeed passed beyond a scientific argument as far as they are concerned. You take your life in your hands to challenge it intellectually. They will destroy you if you challenge it.”
“Now, I haven’t been destroyed, I am not a biologist, and I don’t claim to be an authority on this topic,” Gelernter added, “but what I have seen in their behavior intellectually and at colleges across the West is nothing approaching free speech on this topic. It’s a bitter, fundamental, angry, outraged rejection [of intelligent design], which comes nowhere near scientific or intellectual discussion. I’ve seen that happen again and again.”
Gelernter acknowledges “I am attacking their religion and I don’t blame them for being all head up, it is a big issue for them.”
How does the field of biology get over Darwin? Gelernter said the outlook is bleak.
“Religion is imparted, more than anything else, by the parents to the children,” he said. “And young people are brought up as little Darwinists. Kids I see running around New Haven are all Darwinists. … The students in my class, they’re all Darwinsts. I am not hopeful.” https://www.thecollegefix.com/famed-yale-computer-science-professor-quits-believing-darwins-theories/
Sadly, society has been infested with the false religion of evolution.
Darwin Was Wrong About the Appendix
One of the myths that Darwin began that was perpetuated throughout the 19th and 20th centuries was that the appendix was a vestigial organ for humans that they evolved out of needing.
Appendix May Be Useful Organ After All
By CHARLES Q. CHOI
Aug. 24) — The body’s appendix has long been thought of as nothing more than a worthless evolutionary artifact, good for nothing save a potentially lethal case of inflammation.
Now researchers suggest the appendix is a lot more than a useless remnant. Not only was it recently proposed to actually possess a critical function, but scientists now find it appears in nature a lot more often than before thought. And it’s possible some of this organ’s ancient uses could be recruited by physicians to help the human body fight disease more effectively.
“Maybe it’s time to correct the textbooks,” said researcher William Parker, an immunologist at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, N.C. “Many biology texts today still refer to the appendix as a ‘vestigial organ.’”
Slimy Sac
The vermiform appendix is a slimy dead-end sac that hangs between the small and large intestines. No less than Charles Darwin first suggested that the appendix was a vestigial organ from an ancestor that ate leaves, theorizing that it was the evolutionary remains of a larger structure, called a cecum, which once was used by now-extinct predecessors for digesting food.
“Everybody likely knows at least one person who had to get their appendix taken out — slightly more than 1 in 20 people do — and they see there are no ill effects, and this suggests that you don’t need it,” Parker said.
However, Parker and his colleagues recently suggested that the appendix still served as a vital safehouse where good bacteria could lie in wait until they were needed to repopulate the gut after a nasty case of diarrhea. Past studies had also found the appendix can help make, direct and train white blood cells…
Moreover, the appendix appears in nature much more often than previously acknowledged. It has evolved at least twice, once among Australian marsupials such as the wombat and another time among rats, lemmings, meadow voles, Cape dune mole-rats and other rodents, as well as humans and certain primates...
Parker told LiveScience. “It’s just that Darwin simply didn’t have the information we have now.”
I never accepted Darwin’s claims against the appendix and have known for many years that the appendix played a role in maintaining a properly functioning digestive system for humans (but this information about its role in white blood cells is new to me).
I remember being taught that humans having an appendix was proof that it was a vestigial organ--"useless organ" that we were somehow stuck with after we supposedly evolved pass the point of needing it. But it is not even true that the appendix is useless, only that scientists often do not know all the facts the suggest that they know.
The reality is that Darwin made a lot of assumptions that were unproven, and many of which have been scientifically proven to have been in error. He apparently realized that which is why he was concerned that people made a religion about his writings.
There Was A Common Origin for All Humans
American paleoanthropologist Don Johanson correctly observed:
“There is a single common origin for humanity. No matter the shape of our eyes, no matter the color of our skin, no matter the shape of our hair, no matter what kind of culture we live in, we all carry those same genes in our body. We are united by our past. We are united by this common beginning.” http://www.voanews.com/content/discovery-of-lucy-skeleton-continues-to-be-relevant/2636041.html
But paleoanthropologist Don Johanson still did seem to accept the following:
26 Then God said, "Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth." 27 So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. 28 Then God blessed them, and God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth." (Genesis 1:26-28)
20 And Adam called his wife's name Eve, because she was the mother of all living. (Genesis 3:20)
God made humans, and all humans since Eve have had Eve as their common single mother.
Even back in New Testament times, there were those who called error 'science,' which is what evolution as an explanation of the origin of life and the origin of the universe is. Notice:
20 O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so called:
21 Which some professing have erred concerning the faith. (1 Timothy 6:20-21, KJV)
Various scientists know that the facts do not support that life could have spontaneously began on planet Earth, so they keep looking for other explanations that they hope are more plausible.
They like to point to random changes in DNA coding as explaining changes to all life and randomness getting like to start.
A 2014 television series titled Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey claimed to be a scientific documentary. Yet its science spokesperson, astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson had the audacity to claim that evolution was just as much of a scientific fact as gravity. That is absolute rubbish. The effects of gravity can be measured, gravitational pull can be calculated, gravity can be directly observed, and gravity is clearly repeatable. Yet, none of that is true of evolution.
While evolution is an opinion of how to view aspects of life and the fossil record, evolution cannot truly be measured, evolution cannot truly be mathematically calculated, evolution cannot be directly observed, and evolution is clearly not repeatable the way modern evolutionist explain it.
Gravity is not random, but some scientists foolishly claim it is equally scientific with evolution that many of them claim IS often the result of randomness.
True science is compatible with the Bible--it is only that which is falsely called science that is not (cf. 1 Timothy 6:20-21, KJV):
20 For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse, 21 because, although they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God, nor were thankful, but became futile in their thoughts, and their foolish hearts were darkened. 22 Professing to be wise, they became fools (Romans 1:20-22).
Many have intentionally overlooked what should be obvious. The Bible tells of those that are "always learning and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth" (2 Timothy 3:7).
As far as how trustworthy modern science is, consider the following:
Editors of World’s Most Prestigious Medical Journals: “Much of the Scientific Literature, Perhaps HALF, May Simply Be Untrue”
June 1, 2015
Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine are the two most prestigious medical journals in the world. It is therefore striking that their chief editors have both publicly written that corruption is undermining science.
The editor in chief of Lancet, Richard Horton, wrote last month:
Much of the scientific literature, perhaps half, may simply be untrue. Afflicted by studies with small sample sizes, tiny effects, invalid exploratory analyses, and flagrant conflicts of interest, together with an obsession for pursuing fashionable trends of dubious importance, science has taken a turn towards darkness. As one participant put it, “poor methods get results”. The Academy of Medical Sciences, Medical Research Council, and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council have now put their reputational weight behind an investigation into these questionable research practices. The apparent endemicity [i.e. pervasiveness within the scientific culture] of bad research behaviour is alarming. In their quest for telling a compelling story, scientists too often sculpt data to fit their preferred theory of the world. Or they retrofit hypotheses to fit their data. Journal editors deserve their fair share of criticism too. We aid and abet the worst behaviours. Our acquiescence to the impact factor fuels an unhealthy competition to win a place in a select few journals. Our love of “significance” pollutes the literature with many a statistical fairy-tale. We reject important confirmations. Journals are not the only miscreants. Universities are in a perpetual struggle for money and talent, endpoints that foster reductive metrics, such as high-impact publication. National assessment procedures, such as the Research Excellence Framework, incentivise bad practices. And individual scientists, including their most senior leaders, do little to alter a research culture that occasionally veers close to misconduct.
***
Part of the problem is that no-one is incentivised [to offer incentives] to be right.
Similarly, the editor in chief of the New England Journal of Medicine, Dr. Marcia Angell, wrote in 2009:
It is simply no longer possible to believe much of the clinical research that is published, or to rely on the judgment of trusted physicians or authoritative medical guidelines. I take no pleasure in this conclusion, which I reached slowly and reluctantly over my two decades as an editor of The New England Journal of Medicine.
In her must-read essay, Dr. Angell skewers drug companies, university medical departments, and medical groups which set the criteria for diagnosis and treatment as being rotten with corruption and conflicts of interest.
And we’ve previously documented that the government sometimes uses raw power to cover up corruption in the medical and scientific fields.
Postscript: Corruption is not limited to the medical or scientific fields. Instead, corruption has become systemic throughout every profession … and is so pervasive that it is destroying the very fabric of America.
http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2015-06-01/editors-world%E2%80%99s-most-prestigious-medical-journals-%E2%80%9Cmuch-scientific-literature-perhap
June 1, 2015
Those who think science is the measure of all truth might want to check the data first.
Here’s a quote for you: “A lot of what is published [in scientific journals] is incorrect.” Care to guess where those words appeared? Not on a website that questions the “consensus of experts on climate change.” Nor do they appear in a publication associated with intelligent design or other critiques of Neo-Darwinism.
They appeared in the April 11, 2015, issue of the Lancet, the prestigious British medical journal.
The writer, Richard Horton, was quoting a participant at a recent symposium on the “reproducibility and reliability of biomedical research.” Specifically, the symposium discussed one of the “most sensitive issues in science today: the idea that something has gone fundamentally wrong with one of our greatest human creations.”
And he’s referring to scientific research—the research that not only purports to tell us how the world works, but, increasingly, how people should order their lives and societies.
As Horton told Lancet readers, “The case against science is straightforward: much of the scientific literature, perhaps half, may simply be untrue. Afflicted by studies with small sample sizes, tiny effects, invalid exploratory analyses, and flagrant conflicts of interest, together with an obsession for pursuing fashionable trends of dubious importance, science has taken a turn towards darkness.”
He continues, “In their quest for telling a compelling story, scientists too often sculpt data to fit their preferred theory of the world.”
We recently saw an example of this in a story about a much-publicized study purporting to show that voters were likely to change their minds about same-sex marriage if they were visited by gay pollsters who shared their stories with them.
Researchers seeking to reproduce the findings found discrepancies in the data and asked the original researcher for the original data. The researcher was unable to produce the original data. This led the lead researcher to request that the study be withdrawn. Even supporters of same-sex marriage acknowledged that the study and the conclusions drawn from it were fraudulent. http://www.breakpoint.org/2015/06/skeptical-science/
The actual percentage is probably more than half. There are many contradictions, and those that contradict the Bible are in error. Here is another translation of something that the Bible warns about:
20 O Timothy! Guard what was committed to your trust, avoiding the profane and idle babblings and contradictions of what is falsely called knowledge — 21 by professing it some have strayed concerning the faith. (1 Timothy 6:20-21, NKJV)
Problems of contradictions of what is called ‘knowledge/science’ exist to this day. If there ever is an apparent contradiction between the Bible and ‘science’ remember that the Bible teaches:
4 Certainly not! Indeed, let God be true but every man a liar. (Romans 3:4)
The Bible is scientific and reliable. Not all ‘scientists are.
As a scientist, I have seen first-hand how biases, money, ‘political correctness,’ and corruption have affected the scientific community. Researchers who do not promote the product/view that they are funded to research have a tendency to lose future funding.
There are anti-God biases, etc. that affect modern 'science' and this leads to false beliefs which are based on falsehoods that many push to the public as facts.
More on DNA
I am not the only one that understands about DNA. Some have gone into further detail and realized that DNA is not only more complicated than many have assumed, but that it contains evidence of design:
To build their circuits, the researchers used pieces of DNA to make so-called logic gates -- devices that produce on-off output signals in response to on-off input signals. Logic gates are the building blocks of the digital logic circuits that allow a computer to perform the right actions at the right time. In a conventional computer, logic gates are made with electronic transistors, which are wired together to form circuits on a silicon chip. Biochemical circuits, however, consist of molecules floating in a test tube of salt water. Instead of depending on electrons flowing in and out of transistors, DNA-based logic gates receive and produce molecules as signals. The molecular signals travel from one specific gate to another, connecting the circuit as if they were wires. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110602153032.htm
Again, science supports the idea of a created, not evolved, cell. Going back to the laptop argument, computers do not function without software--they are useless without it. Life does not function without DNA. Both are needed at the same time.
Comments About Other Evolution Arguments
Evolutionists, of course, have come up with a variety of arguments to try to justify their position. But upon further review, they tend not to hold up to long-term scientific scrutiny.
The March 1, 2008 issue of New Scientist makes the following claims:
“Yet the idea still persists that the fossil record is too patchy to provide good evidence of evolution. One reason for this is the influence of creationism. Foremost among their tactics is to distort or ignore the evidence for evolution; a favourite lie is “there are no transitional fossils”. This is manifestly untrue.”
“Creationists simply have no answer for such irrefutable evidence.”
Of course, the above is false.
The history of evolutionist “proof” has been riddled with made-up “evidence,” lies, and ignoring the laws of science (all living organisms must have the ability to eat and digest or life would never continue for more than maybe a day or so--and some type of brain/DNA seems to be needed for life to exist).
For example, speaking of made up proof, I remember looking at drawings supposedly of human and non-human embryos in a science text in school, only to learn later that the drawings were not accurate, but were modified to make the embryos look more similar in order to support “evolution”.
I also recall seeing pictures of dark moths on trees in the UK which supposedly proved some aspect of evolution only to later learn that those moths do not stay on trees and were pinned on them for purposes of making a photo for evolutionary “proof”.
Furthermore, some of the early so-called “missing link” skulls for alleged human “evolution” turned out to be scientific frauds even though evolution accepting scientists accepted this evidence, sometimes for decades.
What about this “transitional fossils” argument?
Essentially, it seems that many evolutionists hope that if they can CLAIM some fossil is a “transitional species”, then this proves that there were some many other “transitional species” (which they never have produced complete evidence of) and that evolution is true.
But evolution has never actually provided that evidence. Furthermore, the concept of “transitional” species violates at least one of the principles of evolution. And that is, that the organism is developed to where it is best to survive. Or in other words, since (according to evolutionists) there is simply random development and the fittest survive, then there is absolutely no reason why any species is or could be “transitional.
One so-called “transitional fossil” is supposed to be a reptile with feathers, allegedly proving that reptiles evolved into birds. But, that has also been proven to be false. Notice the following news items on that:
Paris - Palaeontologists have fired a broadside over a fossil which is the cornerstone evidence to back the theory that birds descended from dinosaurs.
The row focuses on Sinosauropteryx, a fossil found in 1994 by a farmer in Liaoning province, northeastern China, a treasure trove of the Early Cretaceous period some 130 million years ago.
About the size of a turkey, the long-tailed meat-eating dino was covered with a down of fibres that, Chinese researchers claimed, were primitive feathers.
That claim had the effect of a thunderclap.
Although the “feathers” were clearly not capable of flight, their existence dramatically supported a theory first aired in the 1970s that birds evolved from dinosaurs. As a result, a once-outlandish notion has become the mainstream concept for the ascent of Aves, as birds are classified.
But a new study, published by a team led by South African academic Theagarten Lingham-Soliar at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, sweeps away the proto-feathers claim.
The two-branched structures, called rachis with barbs, that were proclaimed as early feathers are quite simply the remains of a frill of collagen fibres that ran down the dinosaur’s back from head to tail, they say.
The evidence comes from a recently discovered specimen of Sinoauropteryx, also found in the same Yixian Formation at Liaoning, that Lingham-Soliar put to the scrutiny of a high-powered microscope.
“The fibres show a striking similiarity to the structure and levels of organisation of dermal collagen,” the kind of tough elastic strands found on the skin of sharks and reptiles today, the investigators say.
The fibres have an unusual “beaded” structure, but this most likely was caused by a natural twisting of these strands, and a clumping together caused by dehydration, when the dinosaur died and its tissues started to dry.
The tough fibres could have been either a form of armour to protect the small dinosaur from predators, or perhaps had a structural use, by stiffening its tail.
The first known bird is Archaeopteryx, which lived around 150 million years ago.
What is missing are the links between Archaeopteryx and other species that would show how it evolved. But fossil record is frustratingly small and incomplete and this is why debate has been so fierce.
The birds-from-dinos theory is based on the idea that small, specialised theropod dinosaurs - theropods are carnivorous, bipedal dinos with three-toed feet - gained an advantage by developing plant-eating habits, growing feathers to keep warm and taking to the trees for safety.
From there, it was a relatively small step to developing gliding skills and then the ability to fly.
Lingham-Soliar’s team do not take issue with the theory itself.
But they are dismayed by what they see as a reckless leap to the conclusion that Sinoauropeteryx had the all-important “protofeathers”, even though the this dinosaur was phylogenetically far removed from Archaeopteryx.
The evidence in support of the primitive feathers lacked serious investigation, Lingham-Soliar says.
“There is not a single close-up representation of the integumental structure alleged to be a protofeather,” Lingham-Soliar says.
Given that the evolution of the feather is a pivotal moment in the history of life, “scientific rigour is called for”.
The study appears on Wednesday in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, a journal of the Royal Society, Britain’s de-facto academy of sciences. http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=31&art_id=nw20070523091808579C659855
And even if there were feathers, since this creature apparently did not fly, it makes no sense to claim that it was evolving into something that would fly.
Evolution normally attempts to try to explain life beginning without a creator. Something that other laws of science show is not true.
The truth is that for life to randomly begin and have the immediate ability to find/ingest/digest food and to reproduce ignores various laws of science.
The other truth is that evolution is accepted by many who do not actually want to live God’s way of life, nor do those “believers” tend to take seriously the prophetic warnings of the Bible. Actually the Bible is supportive of the idea that those who accept theories like evolution have allowed their minds to de-evolve in the sense that they wish to believe a lie (Romans 1:18-32).
Carbon dating and similar techniques have long been used by evolutionists as "proof" that certain of their beliefs are correct. But is that method accurate? Notice something published on October 20, 2012:
Researchers discover secret of more precise carbon dating
By Stacey Pounsberry | October 20, 2012…
The process of radiocarbon dating relies on the known rate at which radioactive isotopes decay and measuring the remaining amount of radiocarbon within a sample. This ratio provides scientists with a precise estimate of how old a certain artifact might be. Complications in these calculations arrive from how the initial radiocarbon in the environment varies from year to year and from one part of the global carbon cycle to another.
Therefore, carbon dating often has a wide range, which could stretch anywhere from a couple hundred to a few thousand years…Professor Ramsey. “In most cases the radiocarbon levels deduced from marine and other records have not been too far wrong. However, having a truly terrestrial record gives us better resolution and confidence in radiocarbon dating.”
http://www.belljarnews.com/2012/10/20/researchers-discover-secret-of-more-precise-carbon-dating/
That last statement causes me to chuckle. In MOST (but not all) cases, carbon dating is BELIEVED by certain professors to not have been TOO FAR WRONG. Well, since there are problems with most dating methods, even those MOST CASES can still be quite wrong. This is almost comical.
Furthermore, what the article by Stacey Pounsberry implies, but tries to reason around, is that faulty claims of carbon dating have often been used by evolutionists as “proof” that their version of life on the planet, etc. are correct. Yet, scientists have long known that carbon dating is flawed and based upon assumptions that are not always truly scientific.
The plain truth is that evolutionists, and those that support them, are the ones that actually ignore science.
Comments From a Renowned Academic and Atheist
Sometimes, those who advocated evolution as the origin of life change their mind once they look into the details. And although Charles Darwin died before having detailed knowledge about DNA, others who have learned more about DNA have taken note.
One modern example who be Professor Anthony Flew:
"What I think the DNA material has done is show that intelligence must have been involved in getting these extraordinary diverse elements together," said Professor Antony Flew, 81, of the University of Reading, United Kingdom. "It could be a person in the sense of a being that has intelligence and a purpose, I suppose". (Richard Ostling, "Leading Atheist Now Believes in God", Associated Press report, Dec 9, 2004)..."Flew is one of the most renowned atheists of the 20th century . . . ," says the atheist writer Richard Carrier. "So if he has changed his mind to any degree, whatever you may think of his reasons, the event itself is certainly newsworthy" ("Antony Flew Considers God . . . Sort of," December 2004, www.infidels.org). Professor Flew mentions that his mind began to change for the existence of God and against atheism over the last year. One line of evidence that became a clincher was the biological investigation of DNA. He says in the video "Has Science Discovered God?" that DNA evidence "has shown, by the almost unbelievable complexity of the arrangements which are needed to produce [life], that intelligence must have been involved"...The Sunday Times of Britain also stated: "Darwin's theory of evolution does not explain the origin and development of life to Flew's satisfaction. 'I have been persuaded that it is simply out of the question that the first living matter evolved out of dead matter and then developed into an extraordinary complicated creature,' he said. The article went on to explain that Professor Flew is, in his words, "following the argument wherever it leads. The conclusion is—there must have been some intelligence" (DNA evidence prompts famous professor to renounce atheism. Good News, March-April 2005, p.17).
Of course, intelligence had to have been involved, which is why what is considered to be the Darwinian concept of evolution without a Creator is an impossibility.
Comments On Science and Religion From Albert Einstein
Perhaps this might be a good place to show a quote from the renowned physicist Albert Einstein:
Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind (Albert Einstein, "Science, Philosophy and Religion: a Symposium", 1941)
Although it seems like a lot of modern scientists have forgotten this, even National Geographic News, as recently as October 18, 2004 quoted the above in an article by Stefan Lovgren.
The truth is that scientists who do not believe in God are worse than blind--the blind cannot help it, those who could see it but refuse to are subject to condemnation:
Then some of the Pharisees who were with Him heard these words, and said to Him, "Are we blind also?" Jesus said to them, "If you were blind, you would have no sin; but now you say, 'We see.' Therefore your sin remains (John 9:40-41).
The Pharisees were part of the educated class of their day.
Conclusion
Science recognizes that living organisms must be self-contained, eat, digest, and reproduce. Living matter could not have progressed to the point of eating, digesting, or reproducing without intelligence. And there has been no plausible explanation of why initial life itself could have any intelligence.
No randomly occurring series of improbable and impossible events could have ever done that. Thus, the foundation of evolution is beyond being highly improbable. The foundation of evolution is completely impossible. Only the acceptance of a Creator God is logical to explain life.
And all the pointing to evolutionary "evidence" still does not prove that life began from non-life and somehow evolved to its present stage. The scientific evidence simply disproves evolution as the origin of life.
Christians realize:
1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. (Genesis 1:1)
And the facts of physics and biology clearly support that.
Belief in a Creator God is logical. It is only through the acceptance of the false religion of atheistic evolution that people foolishly conclude (cf. Psalm 14:1) the opposite.
And because there is no doubt that there is a Creator God, are you willing to completely live as He would have you live?
Here is a link to a YouTube video titled Quickly Disprove Evolution as the Origin of Life, another titled Is There Another View of Evolution?, and one to a longer sermon titled Is it logical to believe in God?
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Additional items of related interest may include:
Is God’s Existence Logical? Is it really logical to believe in God? Yes! Would you like Christian answers to give atheists? This is a free online booklet that deal with improper theories and musings called science related to the origin of the origin of the universe, the origin of life, and evolution. Two animated videos of related interest are also available: Big Bang: Nothing or Creator? and A Lifegiver or Spontaneous Evolution?
Does it Make Physical Sense to believe in God? Some say it is not logical to believe in God. Is that true? Here is a link to a YouTube sermon titled Is it logical to believe in God?
Living as a Christian: How and Why? In what ways do Christians live differently than others. What about praying, fasting, tithing, holy days, and the world? There is also a YouTube video related to that also called: Living as a Christian: How and Why?
Where Did God Come From? Any ideas? And how has God been able to exist?
How Old is the Earth and How Long Were the Days of Creation? Gap Theory? Does the Bible allow for the creation of the universe and earth billions of years ago? Why do some believe they are no older than 6,000 years old? What is the gap theory? Were the days of creation in Genesis 1:3 through 2:3 24 hours long? Here are links to two sermons: Gap Theory: Doctrine or Modern Heresy? and Genesis, 'Prehistoric man,' and the Gap theory. Here is a link to a related article in Spanish: ¿Cuán vieja es la Tierra? ¿Cuán largos fueron los Días de la Creación? ¿Teoría de la brecha?
The MYSTERY of GOD’s PLAN Why Did God Create Anything? Why did God make you? This free online book helps answers some of the biggest questions that human have.
How is God Omnipotent, Omnipresent, and Omniscient? Here is a biblical article which answers what many really wonder about it.
What is the Meaning of Life? Who does God say is happy? What is your ultimate destiny? Do you really know?
Bible: Superstition or Authority? Should you rely on the Bible? Is it reliable? Herbert W. Armstrong wrote this as a booklet on this important subject.
B. Thiel, Ph.D. Evolution: Improbable or Impossible? Is God's Existence Logical, Part II. www.cogwriter.com 2004/2005/2006/2007/2007/2009/2011/2012/2013/2014/2015/2016/2017/2018/2019 2020
